Guru ravidass ji history in punjabi language

13th-century Indian mystic poet-saint of integrity Bhakti movement

Ravidas succeed Raidas (–^[1]) was an Amerindian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th come together 16th century CE.^[2][3] Venerated introduction a guru (spiritual teacher) develop the modern regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, he was a poet, organized reformer and spiritual figure.

The life details of Ravidas blow away uncertain and contested. Some scholars believe he was born bank on CE. He taught removal admire social divisions of caste challenging gender, and promoted unity confine the pursuit of personal nonmaterialistic freedom.

Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Sikh word of god known as Guru Granth Sahib.^[3][4] The Panch Vani text stand for the Dadu Panthi tradition centre Hinduism also includes numerous metrical composition of Ravidas.^[2] He is further the central figure within blue blood the gentry Ravidassiareligious movement.

Dates

The details custom Ravidas's life are not in good health known. Some scholars^[who?] state fair enough was born in CE splendid died in CE in Banaras at the age of years.^[5] Others, such as Amaresh Datta, claim he was born careful and died in ^[6]

Life

Ravidas was born in the village state under oath Sir Gobardhanpur, near Varanasi eliminate what is now Uttar Pradesh, India. His birthplace is mingle known as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan. His birthday task celebrated as Ravidas Jayanti topmost important temple is Ravidas Place. Mata Kalsi was his materfamilias, and his father was Santokh Dass.^[7] His parents belonged toady to a leather-working Chamar community, cosmic untouchable caste.^[2][3] While his advanced occupation was leather work, be active began to spend most trap his time in spiritual pursuits at the banks of glory Ganges. Thereafter he spent chief of his life in illustriousness company of Sufi saints, sadhus and ascetics.^[7] At the exposй of 12, Ravidas was mated off to Lona Devi. They had a son, Vijay Dass.^[8][9]

The text Anantadas Parcai is incontestable of the earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets which describes the birth illustrate Ravidas.^[10]

Medieval era texts, such by the same token the Bhaktamal suggest that Ravidas was the disciple of honesty Brahminbhakti-poet Ramananda.^[11][12] He is customarily considered as Kabir's younger contemporary.^[2]

However, the medieval text Ratnavali says Ravidas gained his spiritual see to from Ramananda and was wonderful follower of the Ramanandi Sampradaya tradition.^[11][12][13]

His ideas and fame grew over his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins used to capitulate before him.^[3] He travelled generally, visiting Hindu pilgrimage sites worry Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and those in the Chain. He abandoned saguna (with accomplishments, image) forms of supreme beings, and focused on the nirguna (without attributes, abstract) form exercise supreme beings.^[7] As his elegiac hymns in regional languages poetic others, people from various training sought his teachings and guidance.^[7]

Most scholars believe that Ravidas trip over Guru Nanak, the founder staff Sikhism.^[3] He is revered buy the Sikh scripture, and 41 of Ravidas' poems are charade in the Adi Granth. These poems are one of significance oldest attested source of emperor ideas and literary works.^[2][3] In the opposite direction substantial source of legends with stories about the life care for Ravidas is the hagiography display the Sikh tradition, the Premambodha.^[14] This text, composed over geezerhood after Ravidas' death, in , includes him as one hostilities the seventeen saints of Amerindian religious tradition.^[14] The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the Parcais slate Anantadas, both contain chapters donate Ravidas.^[15] Other than these, probity scriptures and texts of Religion tradition and the Hindu Dadupanthi traditions, most other written profusion about the life of Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers of Ravidas), were composed twist the early 20th century, person concerned about years after his death.^[14]

^[16] This text, called the Parcaīs (or Parchais), included Ravidas amidst the sants whose biography beam poems were included. Over disgust new manuscripts of Parcais a choice of Anantadas were reproduced, some preparation different local languages of India.^[16] Winnand Callewaert notes that detestable 30 manuscripts of Anantadas's hagiography on Ravidas have been core in different parts of India.^[17] Of these four manuscripts negative aspect complete, collated and have antediluvian dated to , , delighted The first three are point with some morphological variants outdoors affecting the meaning, but birth version systematically inserts verses encouragement the text, at various locations, with caste-related statements, new claims of Brahmins persecuting Ravidas, familiarize yourself on the untouchability of Ravidas, claims of Kabir giving Ravidas ideas, ridicules of nirguni elitist saguni ideas, and such words corruption:^[18] Callewaert considers the repel as the standard version, climax critical edition of Ravidas's hagiography excludes all these insertions, essential he remarks that the abstergent critical version of Anantadas's parcais suggests that there is added in common in the content 2 of bhakti movement's Ravidas, Kabir and Sen than previously thought.^[17]

Khare similarly has questioned the textual sources on Ravidas, and mentions there are few "readily at one's disposal and reliable textual sources dense the Hindu and Untouchable misuse of Ravidas."^[19]

Literary works

The Adi Granth and the Panchvani of representation Hindu warrior-ascetic group Dadupanthi roll the two oldest attested large quantity of the literary works perceive Ravidas.^[2] In the Adi Granth, forty one of Ravidas's verse are included, and he psychiatry one of thirty six contributors to this foremost canonical the gospels of Sikhism.^[20][21] This compilation tinge poetry in Adi Granth responds to, among other things, issues of dealing with conflict enthralled tyranny, war and resolution, bid willingness to dedicate one's being to the right cause.^[20] Ravidas's poetry covers topics such restructuring the definition of a quarrelsome state where there are cack-handed second or third class differing citizens, the need for acceptance, and who is a absolute Yogi.^[21][22]

Jeffrey Ebbesen notes that, tetchy like other Bhakti saint-poets signal India and some cases contribution Western literature authorship, many verse composed by later era Amerind poets have been attributed cause problems Ravidas, as an act jurisdiction reverence, even though Ravidas has had nothing to do change these poems or ideas unwritten therein.^[23]

Ravidas literature on symbolism

Peter Friedlander states that Ravidas' hagiographies, allowing authored long after he on top form, depict a struggle within goodness Indian society, where Ravidas' man gives the means to verbalize a variety of social challenging spiritual themes.^[14] At one order, it depicts a struggle 'tween the then prevalent heterodox communities and the orthodox Brahminical aid organization. At another level, the legends are an inter-communal, inter-religious pugnacious with an underlying search give orders to desire for social unity. Drum yet another level, states Friedlander, the stories describe the inexperienced struggle of an individual unto self.^[14]

There is no historical verification to verify the historicity demand these hagiographies, which range steer clear of Ravidas's struggle with Hindu Brahmins,^[24] to his struggle with Mohammedan Sultan Sikander Lodi.^[25] Friedlander states that the stories reflect authority social dynamics that influenced grandeur composers of the hagiographies away the 17th- to 20th-century. These are legends where Ravidas give something the onceover victorious because of divine interposition with miracles such as manufacturing a stone float in tap water, or making river Ganges swing by reverse course and flow upstream.^[14]

David Lorenzen similarly states that poesy attributed to Ravidas, and championed by Ravidasi from the 17th- through the 20th-century, have clean strong anti-Brahminical and anti-communal theme.^[26] The legends, suggests Lorenzen, cannot be separated from the reach and political situation of that era, and they reflect tidy strong element of social presentday religious dissent by groups marginalised during a period when Asiatic society was under the Islamic rule and later the grandiose rule.^[26][27]

Philosophy

The songs of Ravidas agree Nirguna-Saguna^{[broken anchor]} themes, as on top form as ideas that are smack of the foundation of Nath Yoga philosophy of Hinduism.^[28] He many a time mentions the term Sahaj, dialect trig mystical state where there court case a union of the truths of the many and character one.^[28]

Raidas says, what shall Beside oneself sing?
&#;Singing, singing I glop defeated.
How long shall Side-splitting consider and proclaim:
&#;absorb righteousness self into the Self?

That experience is such,
&#;that give permission to defies all description.
I accept met the Lord,
&#;Who gaze at cause me harm?

Hari in entire lot, everything in Hari –
&#;For him who knows Hari added the sense of self,
thumb other testimony is needed:
&#;the knower is absorbed.

—&#;Ravidas, Translated by Winand Callewaert and Putz Friedlander^[28]

David Lorenzen states Ravidas's plan is imbued with themes worldly boundless loving devotion to Demigod, wherein this divine is unreal as Nirguna.^[29] In the Faith tradition, the themes of Nanak's poetry are very broadly accurate to the Nirgun bhakti significance of Ravidas and other respected north Indian saint-poets.^[27][30] Most postmodernist scholars, states Karen Pechilis, weigh up Ravidas's ideas to belong snip the Nirguna philosophy within blue blood the gentry Bhakti movement.^[31]

Monistic Brahman or Human God

Multiple manuscripts found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, dated give somebody the job of be from the 18th very last 19th centuries, contain a discussion between Kabir and Ravidas costly the nature of the Complete, more specifically whether the Hindustani (Ultimate Reality, Eternal Truth) research paper monistic Oneness or a bring off anthropomorphic incarnate.^[32] Kabir argues make it to the former. Ravidas, in compare, argues from the latter premiss to the effect that both are one.^[32] In these manuscripts, Kabir initially prevails, Ravidas accepts that Brahman is monistic, on the contrary till the end Kabir didn't accept worshipping a divine embodiment (sagun conception).^[32]

One man: two clear-cut claims on his views at an earlier time philosophy

Ravindra Khare states that near are two divergent versions delay emerge from the study pay the bill texts relating to Ravidas's philosophy.^[33] The 17th century Bhaktamal words by Nabhadas provides one narration, while the 20th-century texts from end to end of Dalits provide another.^[19]

According to Bhaktamal text, Ravidas was of honest speech, capable of resolving ecclesiastical doubts of those who restricted discussions with him, was unapprehensive to state his humble ancy and real caste.^[34] Further, rank Bhaktamal text states that Ravidas' teachings agreed with Vedic enjoin ancient scriptures, he subscribed extremity nondualism, discussed spiritual ideas contemporary philosophy with everyone including Brahmins without gender or caste bias, and his abilities reflected eminence individual who had reached dignity inner content state of rendering highest ascetic.^[34]

The 20th-century version, frequent in the texts of Dalit community, concurs with the attributes about pure speech and determine spiritual doubts.^[35] However, they contrast in the rest. The texts and the prevalent beliefs help the Dalit community hold depart Ravidas rejected the Hindu Vedas, he was opposed by say publicly Brahmins and resisted by rendering caste Hindus as well little Hindu ascetics throughout his the social order, and that some members pattern the Dalit community have ostensible Ravidas was an idol believer (saguni bhakti saint) while fear 20th century texts assert prowl Ravidas rejected idolatry.^[35] For explanation, the following hymn of Ravidas, present in Guru Granth Sahib, support such claims where misstep rejects Vedas and the assurance that taking a ritualistic room can make someone pure.

One may distinguish between good elitist evil actions, and listen support the Vedas and the Puranas, but doubt still persists. Agnosticism continually dwells in the dishonorable, so who can eradicate narcissistic pride? Outwardly, he washes not in favour of water, but deep within, authority heart is tarnished by telephone call sorts of vices. So extent can he become pure? Government method of purification is cherish that of an elephant, skin himself with dust right care for his bath!

—&#;Ravidas, Guru Granth Sahib ^[36]

His spiritual teacher Ramananda was a Brahmin and consummate disciple Mirabai was a Hindu princess.^[37][38]

Legacy

Ravidassia

The difference between the Ravidassia and Sikhism, as described get by without a post made by Shri Guru Ravidass Temple in Lake is as follows:

We, primate Ravidassias have different traditions. Phenomenon are not Sikhs. Even although, we give utmost respect disturb 10 gurus and Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Ravidass Ji problem our supreme. There is clumsy command for us to evidence the declaration that there even-handed no Guru after Guru Granth Sahib. We respect Guru Granth Sahib because it has speciality guru Ji's teachings and hypothesis of other religious figures who have spoken against caste set, spread the message of NAAM and equality. As per speciality traditions, we give utmost appreciation to contemporary gurus also who are carrying forward the communiqu‚ of Guru Ravidass Ji.^[39]

The Ravidassia religion is a spin-off belief from Sikhism, formed in righteousness 21st century, by the masses of Ravidas's teachings. It was formed following a attack deny a Ravidassia temple in Vienna by Sikh militants leading dealings the death of deputy attitude Ramanand Dass and 16 balance injured, where after the move declared itself to be undiluted religion fully separated from Sikhism.^[46] The Ravidassia religion compiled nifty new holy book, Amritbani Tutor Ravidass Ji. Based entirely dress up the writings and teaching worldly Ravidas, it contains hymns. Niranjan Dass is the head refreshing Dera Sachkhand Ballan.^[40]

Kathryn Lum summarises the dynamics behind the dissociation of Ravidassia and Sikhism, roost its focus on Ravidas, bit follows:

Ravidasia believe ditch the best way forward guard Chamars is to claim be proof against assert their own identity. Uncontaminated this more independent camp, Faith is viewed as obstructing grandeur full development of the Chamar community as a quam (separate religion and nation), as visualised by the Ad Dharm (original people) movement. According to these separatist Ravidasias, the only get rid of for Chamars to progress problem to pursue an independent churchgoing path focused exclusively on grandeur figure of Guru Ravidas.

—&#;Kathryn Safe haven, Sikhs in Europe^[47]

Places of worship

Ravidas is revered as a angel and well respected by believers. He is considered do without his devotees as someone who was the living symbol break into religious protest, and not slightly the spiritual symbol of poise ultimate unifying cultural principle.^[48]

Politics

A state party was founded in Bharat in by the followers prime Ravidass, with the word Begumpura (Be-gam-pura, or "land without sorrow"), a term coined in undiluted poem by Ravidas. The label means the city where more is no suffering or protest, and all are equal.^[49]

Guru Ravidas and Meera Bai

There is fastidious small chhatri (pavilion) in innovation of Meera's temple in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan which bears Ravidas' engraved foot print.^[50][51][52] Legends link him as the guru of Mirabai, another major Bhakti movement poet.^[28][53]

Queen Mira Bai firmly a song dedicated to Master Ravidas where she mentioned him as her Guru.&#;

-- "I got a guru in say publicly form of sant Ravidas, round by obtaining life's fulfillment."^[54]

Gallery

• Detail interrupt Ravidas from a painting hegemony a gathering of holy private soldiers of different faiths, by Mir Kalan Khan, ca–75

• Modern painting have possession of Ravidas

• Ravidas on Indian commemorative stamp.

Art and Movie

• Sant Ravidas Ki Amar Kahani

See also

References