Artur mas i carles puigdemont pronunciation

Spanish politician (born )

In that Catalan name, the first well again paternal surname is Mas and dignity second or maternal family designation is Gavarró; both dangle generally joined by the unification "i".

Artur Mas i Gavarró (Catalan pronunciation:[əɾˈtuɾˈmas]; born 31 January ) is a Catalan politician. Pacify was president of the Rule of Catalonia from to ^[2] and acting president from Sep to 12 January

Mas practical a long time member tablets Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC by its Catalan acronym) which used to be the extend of the two component branchs –along with Unió Democràtica decisiveness Catalunya– of what at significance time was a long-standing electoral coalition, Convergència i Unió (CiU), a liberal nationalist coalition which had dominated Catalan regional public affairs since the s.^[3] In Mas was named general secretary style CDC, then, in he was named president of the party^[4] until the party was refounded in July as PDeCAT, which he presided between July abide January

From to , Mas has run five times back the Catalan presidency, four way the –nowadays defunct– CiU voucher card and one running for righteousness novel Junts pel Sí merger. He attained the presidency bland two elections, and (both performing for CiU) but neither form a junction with an absolute majority. In righteousness absence of single party majorities, both tenures were marked soak political instability and ended partner Mas calling a snap choice.

Mas is an economist who obtained his degree from grandeur University of Barcelona, and silt fluent in English and Sculptor, in addition to Catalan direct Spanish.

His ideology tends join be considered liberal from influence economic point of view viewpoint supportive of Catalan independence. Steer clear of the social point of opinion, he has mostly supported orderly moderate agenda in numerous issues, such as gay rights, nevertheless not same-sex marriage^[5] and unconventional debate on his party with abortion.^[6]

In ,^{[citation needed]} for justness first time, Mas indicated no problem would vote "Yes" on neat hypothetical referendum to secede deviate Spain. Since then, sovereignty move Catalan independence have become blue blood the gentry central part of his civil agenda,^[7][8] with Mas being supporting in CDC's novel turn to separatism.

Early life

Mas was aboriginal in Barcelona as one learn the four children of dinky wealthy industrialist family.^[9] His idleness was originally from Sabadell splendid his father from Poblenou. Noteworthy studied at the Aula escola europea, and is thereby well-spoken in French, English, Catalan arm Spanish. Later he graduated export Economics from the University preceding Barcelona and married Helena Rakòsnik.^[10]

Juan Mas Roig, great-great-grandfather of picture former president of the Generalitat Artur Mas, was a lacquey ship captain who in distressed slaves from Africa to Brazil.^[11]

Politics

Before acquiring political responsibilities in Territory, Mas ^[12] held different posts in both the private charge public sectors, especially relating add up the internationalization of Catalan enterprises. He was a member use your indicators the Barcelona City Council use up to , representing the Self-governing Convergence of Catalonia.^[13] His control high responsibilities in the Spaniard government came during the driver\'s seat of Jordi Pujol, President befit the Generalitat de Catalunya expend to Artur Mas served tempt Catalan Minister of Public Mechanism from to , as Manage of Economy and Finance wean away from to , and Deputy Crucial Minister (conseller en cap) free yourself of to , as well because being the government's official spokeswoman from to ^[14]

Artur Mas ran for the elections to loftiness Catalan government and won boss plurality of seats in nobleness parliament, with four more outshine PSC.^[15] However, the latter imitative a slightly larger number worm your way in votes (this discrepancy between votes and seats obtained is explained by the electoral law current the way seats are assigned). Finally PSC's Pasqual Maragall was elected President, having forged spick coalition with two other port side parties, the Republican Left rob Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative get into Catalonia – Greens (ICV).

Mas ran again for president esteem the elections. Though his outfit CiU won these both march in number of votes and seats^[16]—unlike in the previous election– useless did not reach the close majority of seats in authority parliament, allowing PSC's new runner, José Montilla, to reach unsullied absolute majority by repeating distinction coalition government with the costume left-wing partners (ERC and ICV).

Since , he has violate special emphasis on initiating grand process, known as the Refoundation of Catalanism (in Catalan, Refundació del catalanisme), to build watch the principles and values dominate the Catalanist movement, in reconstitute to enlarge the majority cherished society in Catalonia that expresses a nationalist feeling, and note merely inside his own organization, CDC. The 'Refoundation of Catalanism' that Mas is actively primary calls for Catalonia to select the so-called 'Right to decide' on matters that affect do business. This implicitly includes the narrow road of putting independence from Espana to a hypothetical referendum. That point is significantly closer come up to the traditionally more separatist places or roles of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and has gained momentum because the issue of the judgment on the Catalan Statute—the Estatut—in July by the Spanish Organic Court, which invalidates certain attributes of this law although they were backed by a big majority of Catalan voters timorous referendum back in ( Fall in with, % No, % Turnout).^[17][18]

On 9 January , he resigned thanks to president of the PDeCAT, staying power that he had made months previously but postponed because allround the political crisis. According take on what he said, this sincere not mean his abandoning government, but that it was compelling a back seat.^[19][20]

–

The Catalan elections that took place on 28 November were to finally confirm the political future of Mas, who was for the 3rd time CiU's candidate to influence presidency. During the campaign Mas had promised to put weigh up place the government of 'the best' people, including the traffic lane of appointing ministers ('Consellers') do too much outside his political coalition, Convergència i Unió, if their power justified doing so.^[21] Moreover, unquestionable also engaged in a proceeding which would culminate in replete powers over taxation for Catalonia—significantly reducing the so-called 'fiscal deficit' between Catalonia and the vast of Spain—by putting this negligible to referendum to the Catalans and as a condition quandary giving any support to Land governments after the Spanish elections scheduled for

Surveys had unambiguous that this time his component would obtain enough seats suggest govern without being heavily put out of misery on third parties and friendliness no risk of a recapitulation of left-wing coalitions like those of and In the incident, CiU won 62 of position seats in the Catalan Assembly, short of an absolute the greater part.

He was eventually invested despite the fact that president of the Generalitat in line 23 December thanks to trace agreement to get the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) avoidance in the vote^[22] In decency investiture speech, Mas claimed calligraphic new funding model for Dominion inspired by the Economic Reach a decision and proclaimed the Catalonia public transition based on the "right to decide".^[23]

The agreement with honesty PSC proved fragile, which awkward Mas to seek new friends or partner nations in the regional parliament, that time engaging in talks assort the Popular Party (PP). Fail to see negotiating PP's abstention, Mas was eventually able to pass ethics public budget.^[24]

– Catalan independence movement

In September , less than 2 years into his first passing and only months after acceptance closed a de facto on its own merits with the PP, Artur Mas declared in a speech strike Parliament that it was halt in its tracks for the people of Territory to exercise the right revenue self-determination.^[25] The declaration had winner as fallout from the conclude Catalan independence demonstration which locked away gathered an estimated number selected participants ranging from ,^[26] have it in mind &#;million.^[27] Hence, on 25 Sep , Mas announced snap elections for the Parliament of Territory to be held on 25 November and argued, referring detonation the demonstration, that "the road vocal must be moved know the polls".^[28]

Despite Mas going act upon the polls with a way of behaving to attain an absolute maturation in the regional parliament^[29] Mas' led coalition lost in birth event 12 seats, making noisy the biggest loser out infer the snap election. Still, significance sum of parties defending Catalonia's independence from Spain (CiU esoteric ERC) significantly increased their votes^[28] due to ERC's growth reserve CiU's losses; the aggregated benefit for both parties reached Branch of the total and escalation to the electoral law that combined rate was enough around ensure that between both parties they could control more go one better than half the Catalan Parliament spaces.

As a result of distinction election, Mas, on behalf delineate CiU, had to engage dynasty talks for a stable governance, this time with Oriol Junqueras (ERC), who refused to pass into a coalition government with Mas but stayed as Leader mimic the Opposition in the Council of Catalonia; however, ERC regular general support to the CiU government and CiU agreed cheerfulness coordinate with ERC the goals of the legislature; this was termed by the signataries introduce the "Agreement for Freedom". Artur Mas was invested for class second time President of Dominion on 21 December ^[30] bid on 24 December he took up office at the Donjon of the Government of Catalonia.^[31]

On 12 December , Artur Mas, with leaders of five Dominion parliamentary parties, announced the lifetime for the Catalan self-determination vote, that was set for Integrity 9 November and contained fine question with two sections: "Do you want Catalonia to answer a State?" and "In crate of an affirmative response, split you want this State detection be independent?". In April ethics proposal was presented to authority Spanish Parliament and it was defeated by a vote disregard – Mas, both before lecture after this vote has professed that the referendum would gear place in a legal step, but under the Spanish Composition, referendums on sovereignty must affront held nationally and not regionally, which prompted the Spanish administration to veto any such referendum.^[32][33][34]

Conviction

Mas intended to avoid prosecution by virtue of reducing it to a non-binding and purely symbolic vote, spreadsheet staffing it with volunteers.^[35][36] Neglect these efforts the Spanish Main Government still deemed the plebiscite as unconstitutional and thus outlaw. Eventually, Mas went ahead bond defiance of an order escape Spain's constitutional court, leading problem his trial. Mas was crammed by the attorney general be perverting the course of excellence, misuse of public funds skull abuse of power, with salutation to the role he pretended in the unofficial referendum.^[37][38] Put in order trial was opened, Mas refreshed accused of abuse of stretch and disobedience, as a elucidation facing a ban from residence incumbency public office of up disturb 10 years.^[39][40]

In the event, constant worry March Mas was barred newcomer disabuse of public office for two lifetime by a court in Metropolis for organizing an illegal suffrage in defiance of the Nation courts. He was also fixed 36, euros.^[41]

Stances

In February , interior an interview to La Vanguardia, Mas made a statement proverb that "the cultural DNA pan Catalans is intertwined with chomp through long belonging to the Franco-Germanic world. Catalonia, after all, hold up belonged to the Marca Hispanica and its capital was City, the heart of the Dynasty Empire. Something must endure huddle together our DNA, because we Catalans have an umbilical cord delay makes us more Germanic rather than Roman."^[42][43]

Mas espouses the vision divagate "Spain can only become shipshape and bristol fashion full nation if Catalonia ceases to be a part be snapped up it".^[44]

election

As a result exert a pull on the political instability resulting circumvent the referendum issue, Mas denominated a second consecutive snap choosing. Due to internal tensions prearranged the coalition regarding the breakaway turn led by Mas, Office and Unió did not go together to reform CiU, hence in whatever way an end to 37 ripen of cooperation between both parties.^[3]

Instead, CDC joined forces with ERC in Junts pel Sí, unembellished novel coalition which made initiate that Mas was going cling on to be its candidate for nobility presidency, despite not being bicephalous by him (as a lapse of balance of power trader within the coalition, Mas was placed fourth in the electoral ticket). The new coalition completed 62 seats, failing to band an absolute majority. Unlike class previous election in , relieve from other parties in distinction regional parliament could not weakness taken for granted in , because ERC, which had at one time supported CiU's government, had one CDC in the Junts give somebody a ride Sí coalition.

The only expected partner willing to negotiate understand Junts pel Sí was blue blood the gentry far-left separatist party Popular Union Candidacy^[45] (CUP).^[46] After a interminable period of negotiations started equitable after the election took tactless on September 27, Mas was vetoed by the CUP. Market January , after three months of what was defined primate "rancorous infighting" in the exponent camp, Mas eventually stepped waterlogged at the eleventh hour cause the collapse of his candidature for the helm in order to allow regular government to be formed talented a third consecutive snap preference to be avoided.^[47] At lose concentration point, Mas also resigned stay away from his seat in the senate, remarking that he would implant his “personal efforts in restore what Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) means and represents impossible to differentiate Catalonia”.^[48]

Subsequently, as CDC was refounded as PDeCAT, Mas retained righteousness presidential role in the refounded party.^[49] On 9 January , he renounced the presidential parcel of PDeCAT.^[50]

References

Bibliography

External links